I was at a conference last week where mental health professionals of all shapes and stripes discussed whether their services were being displaced by AI resources like ChatGPT. One of the presenters set up a “panel” including ChatGPT and two other therapists with different treatment orientations. The case conceptualization and treatment approaches of ChatGPT were deemed to be “way off” by the crowd who were initially relieved to see that they were likely not to be replaced. However, during the collation that followed, I mentioned to some of my friends that the “test” of mental health providers “relevance” in the AI-assisted world was not conclusive. After all, it is the client base who approaches the mental health provider that will assess relevance. If the people don’t show then the job will likely go.
Nowhere is this more important than in the realm of adolescents who access AI for everything from planning their outfits and coordinating their meals to “helping” them write their reports and do their homework. If AI helps them when they need it, and advises them in other areas, why not try to utilize AI to help work through life’s challenges. It is no surprise then, that articles like this one (https://futurism.com/ai-chatbots-teens-self-harm) and this one (https://futurism.com/character-ai-eating-disorder-chatbots) have raised certain alarms (specifically about a site character.ai but really could be anywhere) for many of us.
And yet, it is usually not a good idea to merely reject or ban any tool that is accessible. So how do we understand the role of AI in therapy for teens and where can we help?
Positives of AI Therapy Tools for Teens:
Accessibility and Anonymity
AI tools are available 24/7 and can be accessed from anywhere, offering a safe space for teens to share their feelings without fear of judgment. For teens who might be reluctant to open up to adults or peers, this can provide an entry point to self-reflection.
Immediate Responses
Unlike traditional therapy, which requires appointments and scheduling, AI tools respond instantly. This can be helpful in moments of distress or when teens feel the need for immediate support.
Educational Opportunities
Some AI platforms are designed to provide coping strategies, mindfulness exercises, or basic education about mental health topics. For teens exploring their emotions, this can be a gentle introduction to self-care and emotional intelligence.
Cost-Effective
Many AI tools are free or low-cost, making them accessible to families who may not have the resources for regular therapy sessions.
So, on the one hand, the ease of availability and response and the cost effectiveness and basic knowledge provided are potentially positives for AI use in therapy. However, when things are “free and accessible” you probably need to look at them more closely. Here’s the other side:
Negatives and Risks of AI Therapy Tools
Lack of Professional Oversight
AI is not a substitute for a trained therapist. It lacks the ability to provide nuanced understanding, empathy, and most importantly personalized care. It is not licensed and as a result, not held to any standards of care. Thus,relying solely on AI might prevent teens from seeking the proper professional help when they truly need it.
Risk of Misinformation
As a friend who is a consultant for AI projects put it to me – “AI is at least as accurate as a second grade teacher is on most scholarly topics.” Well, when you want an expert, do you want the expert advice to be as accurate as a second graders? AI tools can sometimes generate responses that are inaccurate, unhelpful, or even harmful. A teen experiencing a crisis may not receive the appropriate guidance or support, potentially worsening their situation. That’s a pretty serious risk.
Dependency on AI
According to many different theoretical models of psychotherapy, much of the corrective work is in the relationship between therapist and client. Even according to the other models, the therapeutic relationship cannot minimized. Over-reliance on AI for emotional support might hinder a teen's ability to build meaningful human relationships and seek interpersonal connection, which are crucial for long-term emotional health.
Potential for Unhealthy Interactions
Some platforms, like Character.AI, allow users to interact with AI personas designed to simulate real individuals or fictional characters. While this can be creative and fun, it might lead to blurred boundaries, unhealthy attachments, or reliance on fantasy rather than real-life connections.
Privacy Concerns
Also, many AI tools collect user data, which can raise concerns about privacy. Teens may unknowingly share sensitive information without understanding how it might be stored or used.
What Parents Can Do to Help
Start Open Conversations
Talk to your teen about their use of AI tools. Ask what they find helpful, what they’re exploring, and how they feel about the interactions. Avoid being judgmental to encourage honesty. Opening healthy conversations will help teens feel comfortable discussing their expectations from AI and keep their interactions grounded.
Educate on AI Limitations
Help your teen understand the strengths and weaknesses of AI. Emphasize that while AI can be a useful tool, it cannot replace real-life connections or professional therapy.
Monitor Usage
If appropriate, set boundaries around AI usage. For example, limit screen time, review the apps they’re using, and ensure they’re engaging with tools that align with your family’s values.
Promote Healthy Alternatives
Encourage teens to engage in activities that build resilience, such as journaling, exercise, or art. Support them in forming real-world relationships and seeking help from trusted adults or professionals.
Provide Access to Real Therapy
If your teen is struggling with their mental health, prioritize finding a qualified licensed therapist. AI can supplement, but not replace, professional care.
Stay Updated
Keep yourself informed about the latest AI tools and their capabilities. Understanding the technology will help you provide better guidance.
By staying engaged, educating teens about the limitations of AI, and offering support for healthier alternatives, parents can help their teens navigate these tools safely and responsibly. AI is a tool, not a solution, and with the right guidance, it can be part of a balanced approach to mental health.
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